Ceramic Chemical Structure

High hardness high compressive strength and chemical inertness.

Ceramic chemical structure.

They withstand chemical erosion that occurs in other materials subjected to acidic or caustic environments. Typical alumina al 2 o 3 99 5 properties. This is why ceramics generally have the following properties. The two most common chemical bonds for ceramic materials are covalent and ionic.

Ceradyne and ceramic industry disclaim any and all liability from error omissions or inaccuracies in the above chart. The ionic and covalent bonds of ceramics are responsible for many unique properties of these materials such as high hardness high melting points low thermal expansion and good chemical resistance but also for some undesirable characteristics foremost being brittleness which leads to fractures unless the material is toughened by reinforcing agents or by other means. Nonconductivity arises from the lack of free electrons such as those found in metals. Ceramic composition and properties ceramic composition and properties nonconductivity.

Ordinarily ceramics are poor conductors of electricity and therefore make excellent insulators. Ceramic chemistry studies the relationship between the physical properties of fired ceramics and ceramic glazes and their chemistry. Hardness contributing to resistance against wear. Some elements such as carbon or silicon may be considered ceramics ceramic materials are brittle hard strong in compression and weak in shearing and tension.

Achieve closest packing. The bonding of atoms together is much stronger in covalent and ionic bonding than in metallic. The chemical bonds in ceramics can be covalent ionic or polar covalent depending on the chemical composition of the ceramic. Thermal and electrical.

In ionically bonded ceramics bonding electrons are accepted by the electronegative elements such as oxygen and. For example the ceramic mineral feldspar one of the components of granite has the formula kalsi 3 o 8. Alumina represents the most commonly used ceramic material in industry. It provides superior abrasion high temperature and chemical resistance and is also electrically insulating.

Silicate ceramics as mentioned previously the silica structure is the basic structure for many ceramics as well as glass. Charge balance dictates chemical formula. Mechanical strength in spite of brittleness. Chemical durability against the deteriorating effects of oxygen water acids bases salts and organic solvents.

These structures and chemical ingredients though various result in universally recognized ceramic like properties of enduring utility including the following. A few of the different types of ceramic materials outside of the glass family are described below.